Nature have the characteristic of diverse, harmonious and balanced. Therefore the protection and preservation of nature must continue to be done, to maintain harmony and balance. Natural resources are all of earth resources, both biotic and abiotic which can be used to full human needs and human wellbeing, for example: plants, animals, air, water, soil, mineral, wind, sunlight, and microbe (microorganisme).
On earth, the spread of natural resources isn’t flat. There are parts of the earth is very rich in minerals, some are not. There are good for farming some are not. Therefore, for the utilization can be sustained, then the act of exploitation of natural resources must be accompanied by protective measures.
Utilization of Natural Resources
a. Water
Water is a major requirement all of creature. For humans than for drinking, bathing and washing, water is also helpful:
1. as a means of transportation
2. as a means of tourism / recreation
3. as a means of irrigation / watering
4. as hydropower (Hydroelectric Power Plant)
b. Air
The air moves and the move is called wind. The layer of air called the atmosphere surrounds the earth. Ozone layer serves to protect the earth from ultraviolet rays emitted by the sun.
c. Land
land is the top layer of crust that formed from the weathering of rocks and organic materials are destroyed by natural process. Land is used for growing agricultural natural resources.
d. Animal
Animals in Indonesia can be classified into two types of wild animals and pets. Wild animals are animals that live in the wild and can find food themselves, for example from species of birds, fish and insects. Pets are animals that are kept to a hobby or pleasure alone, for example turtledove birds, guinea pigs, cats and parrots.
e. Plant
Example : Forest is a large area with various trees. Judging from the types of trees. Forest products that can be used by us are: wood (teak, pine, cypress, sandalwood), resin, rattan, bamboo, etc. Erosion is caused by rain water. Reforestation is the planting that has been deforested. Abrasion is the narrowing of the land due to soil erosion caused by sea water. Korasi is soil erosion caused by wind.
The Conservation of Natural Resources
a. Land Conservation (flat land, sloping land / hills)
Land conservation efforts can be done by promoting the planting of trees or reforestation of previously barren land. To the hills or mountains sloping land position needs to be built terraces or sengkedan, so to inhibit the flow rate of rain water.
b. Air Conservation
Efforts that can be done to keep the air clean and healthy, among others:
1. Promote the planting of trees or ornamental plants around us.
2. Promoting the reduction of emissions or flue gas, either the combustion engine combustion and forest.
3. Reduce or even avoid the use of chemical gas that can damage the ozone layer in the atmosphere.
c. Forest Conservation
Efforts can be done to preserve the forest:
1. Afforestation or reforestation of deforested.
2. Prohibit forest clearing arbitrarily.
3. Applying a selective logging system in cutting down trees.
4. Applying a cut-and-cropping system in logging activities.
5. Applying heavy sanctions for those who violate the provisions on forest management.
d. Conservation of sea and coastal .
The effort to preserve the ocean and beach can be done by:
1. Coastal reclamation by replanting mangrove plants in the area around the coast.
2. Prohibit shooting rocks around the beach or on the seabed, because coral is a habitat for fish and sea plants.
3. Prohibit the use of explosives and other chemicals in fishing.
4. Prohibit the use of trawlers for fishing.
e. Conservation of flora and fauna
Life on earth is a system of dependency between humans, animals, plants, and natural surroundings. Interruption of one chain of the system will cause disruption in life. Therefore, the preservation of flora and fauna is an absolute attention for the sake of human survival.
Efforts that can be done to preserve the flora and fauna among which are:
1. Establishing nature reserves and wildlife reserves.
2. Prohibit illegal hunting activities.
3. Promote reforestation activities.
